Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
1
Caspian J Intern Med
Medical Sciences
http://caspjim.com
1
admin
2008-6164
2008-6172
8
10.22088/cjim
14
8888
13
en
jalali
1401
12
1
gregorian
2023
3
1
14
2
online
1
fulltext
en
Diabetic neuropathy: Past, present, and future
Endocrinology
Endocrinology
Review Article
Review Article
<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background:</span></i></b> A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet have considerably increased the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide in recent decades, which has generated a high rate of associated chronic complications. </span><br>
<span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Methods</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> A narrative review was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASES and SciELO databases, including 162 articles.</span><br>
<span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Results</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common of these complications, mainly producing two types of involvement: sensorimotor neuropathy, whose most common form is symmetric distal polyneuropathy, and autonomic neuropathies, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital system. Although hyperglycemia is the main metabolic alteration involved in its genesis, the presents of obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and smoking, play an additional role in its appearance. In the pathophysiology, three main phenomena stand out: oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products, and microvasculature damage. Diagnosis is clinical, and it is recommended to use a 10 g monofilament and a 128 Hz tuning fork as screening tools. Glycemic control and non-pharmacological interventions constitute the mainstay of DN treatment, although there are currently investigations in antioxidant therapies, in addition to pain management.</span><br>
<span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusions:</span></i></b> Diabetes mellitus causes damage to peripheral nerves, being the most common form of this, distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Control of glycemia and comorbidities contribute to prevent, postpone, and reduce its severity. Pharmacological interventions are intended to relieve pain.<b><i><span style="color:#0033cc"></span></i></b></span></span></span><br>
diabetic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, complication, treatment, glycemic control, Hb A1c
153
169
http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2794-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Juan
Quiroz-Aldave
jquirozaldave@hotmail.com
100319475328460041779
100319475328460041779
No
Division of Medicine, Hospital de Apoyo Chepén, Chepén, Peru
María
Durand-Vásquez
mdurandvasquez@hotmail.com
100319475328460041780
100319475328460041780
No
Division of Family Medicine, Hospital de Apoyo Chepén, Chepén, Peru
Elman
Gamarra-Osorio
elman.gamarra.osorio@gmail.com
100319475328460041781
100319475328460041781
No
Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo, Peru
Jacsel
Suárez-Rojas
jsuarezro@cientifica.edu.pe
100319475328460041782
100319475328460041782
No
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
Pela Jantine
Roseboom
pjap.rose@gmail.com
100319475328460041783
100319475328460041783
No
Division of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
Rosa
Alcalá-Mendoza
rosa.alcala.m1@gmail.com
100319475328460041784
100319475328460041784
No
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo, Peru
Julia
Coronado-Arroyo
juliacristinacoronado@gmail.com
100319475328460041785
100319475328460041785
No
Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
Francisca
Zavaleta-Gutiérrez
paquitamed@hotmail.com
100319475328460041786
100319475328460041786
No
Division of Neonatology, Hospital Belén de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
Luis
Concepción-Urteaga
luisconcepcionurteaga@hotmail.com
100319475328460041787
100319475328460041787
No
School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru
Marcio
Concepción-Zavaleta
marcio_conc_zav@outlook.es
100319475328460041788
100319475328460041788
Yes
Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Jorge Voto Bernales, Lima, Peru