en Surgery Surgery Original Article Original Article <p> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue font-size: 10pt">Background: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt">Recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran.<b><i><span style="color: blue"><o:p /></span></i></b></span></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue font-size: 10pt">Methods:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt"> In this case-control study, all patients diagnosed with bladder cancer who underwent surgery during 2001-2012 were enrolled. The subjects of the control group were selected among the patients who underwent ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) for gallstone and had no tumors and genitourinary problems. Data regarding demographic, pathology reports and tumor type, smoking status, history of opium consumption and its duration were collected. Patients and controls were compared using t-test and chi-square test. SPSS software Version 20 was used for analysis.<span class="longtext"><span style="background: white color: black"><o:p /></span></span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue font-size: 10pt">Results:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt"> In this study, 175 patients with an average age of 63.30</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="color: black font-size: 10pt" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>±</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>15.29 years and 175 age- matched controls were studied. A significant association was observed between smoking and opium consumption with bladder cancer (P=0.001 for both).<span class="longtext"><span style="background: white color: black"><o:p /></span></span></span></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue font-size: 10pt">Conclusion: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt">The results of this study showed that opium consumption and smoking are associated with bladder cancer<o:p /></span></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font> Bladder cancer, Smoking, Opium 82 86 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-269-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Arsalan Aliramaji neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003009 10031947532846003009 No Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Aliakbar Kasaeean neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003010 10031947532846003010 No Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Yousefreza Yousefniapasha neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003011 10031947532846003011 No Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hamid Shafi neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003012 10031947532846003012 No Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Sekineh Kamali neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003013 10031947532846003013 No Clinical Research Development Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Mohsen Safari neda_amani69@yahoo.com 10031947532846003014 10031947532846003014 No Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Emad Moudi Dr_emad_moudi@yahoo.com 10031947532846003015 10031947532846003015 Yes Department of Urology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran