en Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Original Article Original Article Background: Prediction of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is very important for early treatment and prophylaxis of neurologic sequels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of umbilical cord &#945-fetoprotein (UCAFP) as a marker of an increased risk for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full term babies. <br>Methods: Umbilical cord blood was collected from 400 term singleton full term well newborn babies who met our inclusion criteria and stored in -20°C. Those who developed jaundice and admitted for phototherapy (34 newborns: 22 males and 12 females), considered as case group and 31 non-jaundiced infants (13 males and 18 females) gestational age–weight-matched considered as the control group. The serum level of UCAFP was checked in these 65 newborns and was compared between these two groups. <br>Results: Mean UCAFP in case group was 523.429±174.158 and in control group was 664.548±154.894 µg/L. In the non-jaundiced group, mean UCAFP values was higher than neonate with hyperbilirubinemia (664.548 vs. 523.429µg/L). The mean UCAFP in males was 519.023 µg/L and in females was 531.508 µg/L (p=0.066). Sixty (92.3%) babies delivered by cesarean section (CS) and 5 (7.7%) by normal vaginal delivery (p=0.566). <br>Conclusion: According to our study, there was no significant positive association between UCAFP and subsequent neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia or serum bilirubin level. Alpha-fetoprotein, Hyperbilirubinemia, Term neonate 326 330 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-62-68&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Yadollah Zahedpasha 1003194753284600496 1003194753284600496 Yes Mousa Ahmadpour-Kacho 1003194753284600497 1003194753284600497 No Jafar Khalafi 1003194753284600498 1003194753284600498 No Ali Bijani 1003194753284600499 1003194753284600499 No