en Hematology Hematology Review Article Review Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em> </span>The association between anemia and postpartum depression (PPD) has been reported to be controversial in different studies. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of anemia and PPD.<br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em>:</em></span> This review study was conducted according to the MOOSE protocol and results have been reported according to the PRISMA guideline. We searched epidemiologic studies published until January 2018 in nine English databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and Google Scholar using English MeSH keywords. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the Cochran&rsquo;s Q test and I² index. Data were analyzed using a random effects model and comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 2.<br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>:</em></span> In the 10 studies, the association between postpartum anemia and PPD was significant (heterogeneity test: P<0.001, I²=74.62%), and RR=1.887 (95%CI: 1.255-2.838, P=0.002). In 8 studies, anemia during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of postpartum depression (heterogeneity test: P=0.116, I²=36.422%), RR=1.240 (1.001-1.536, P=0.048). The subgroup analysis of postpartum anemia and PPD was not significant for the variables of quality of studies, study design, and the period of evaluating depression and anemia. The subgroup analysis of anemia during pregnancy and PPD was not significant for the period of evaluating depression. Publication bias did not affect the results of the studies<span dir="RTL">.</span><br> <span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>:</em></span> Meta-analysis results showed anemia during pregnancy and after pregnancy that significantly increased the risk of postpartum depression<span dir="RTL">.</span> Therefore, prevention, identification and treatment of anemia in pregnant women seem necessary.</span></span> Anemia, Postpartum Depression, Meta-Analysis 115 124 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-509-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Milad Azami milad98azami@gmail.com 100319475328460016759 100319475328460016759 No Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Gholamreza Badfar Gh_badfar@yahoo.com 100319475328460016760 2135-7567-4345-3643 No Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran Zahra Khalighi 100319475328460016761 100319475328460016761 No Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Parvin Qasemi 100319475328460016762 100319475328460016762 No Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Masoumeh Shohani MasoumehShohani@gmail.com 100319475328460016763 5223-7565-4645-2323 No Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Ali Soleymani ali.soleymani1360@yahoo.com 100319475328460016764 4535-7655-2525-2235 No Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran Shamsi Abbasalizadeh shamciabbasalizadeh@gmail.com 100319475328460016765 5364-7567-2525-3525 Yes Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran