en Internal Internal Original Article Original Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><em><strong>Background:</strong></em></span> Compared to past decades, humans are exposed to rapidly increasing levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMF). Despite numerous studies, the biological effects of human exposure to different levels of RF-EMF are not fully understood yet. This study aimed to evaluate the bioeffects of exposure to &quot;900/1800 MHz&quot; and &ldquo;2.4 GHz&quot; RF-EMFs, and x-rays alone as well as their potential interactions, i.e. inducing simple additive, adaptive, or synergistic effects.<br> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em></span> 120 Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups of 12 each. The rats were exposed to RF-EMF, 10 cGy, and 8 Gy x-rays, a combination of these exposures, or only sham-exposed. The levels of liver enzymes were determined in serum samples by an autoanalyzer. Moreover, the histopathological changes, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total thiols, and protein carbonyl (PCO) were measured. <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em><strong>Results:</strong></em></span> Among the markers of liver function, gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation but, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some levels of association. MDA and PCO levels after 8 Gy irradiation increased, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF could modulate their changes. At the cellular level, the frequency of lobular inflammation was associated with the type of intervention.<br> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em></span> The exposure to both ionizing and non-ionizing radiations could alter some liver function tests. A short term pre-exposure to RF-EMF before exposure to an 8 Gy challenging dose of x-rays caused the alterations in oxidative stress markers and liver function tests, which indicate that oxidative stress is possibly involved in the adaptive response.</span></span> EMF, Ionizing Radiation, Liver, Liver Function Tests, oxidative stress 315 323 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1636-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sajad Borzoueisileh sajadborzouei@gmail.com 100319475328460023549 100319475328460023549 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ali Shabestani Monfared monfared_ali@yahoo.com 100319475328460023550 100319475328460023550 Yes Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol Iran Hossein Ghorbani hs.ghorbani@mubabol.ac.ir 100319475328460023551 100319475328460023551 No Department of Pathology , Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran S. M. J. Mortazavi mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460023552 100319475328460023552 No Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohsen Shafiee mohsen.shafiee@gmail.com 100319475328460023553 100319475328460023553 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh amirhosseindoustimotlagh@gmail.com 100319475328460023554 100319475328460023554 No Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran Ebrahim zabihi e_zabihi@yahoo.com 100319475328460023555 100319475328460023555 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mehdi Pouramir pouramir@yahoo.com 100319475328460023556 100319475328460023556 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Fatemeh Niksirat niksirat.fateme@gmail.com 100319475328460023557 100319475328460023557 No Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran