en Neurology Neurology Original Article Original Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em></span> A constituent of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is supposed to be present in about 1/3 of all severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as specified by pathologic documents. Diffuse axonal injury is categorized by extensive injury to axons in the brain. A rise in the incidences of TBI, and the limited study to verified effect of drugs like amantadine and zolpidem in improving the consciousness levels of patients with acute traumatic brain injury with axonal injury enthused us to initiate this study in the acute TBI patients.<br> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><em>Methods</em></strong><em>:</em></span> In our randomized, controlled trial involving patients with acute severe TBI, we studied 66 patients in 3 groups. Group 1 (n=22) received oral amantadine, Group 2 (n=22) received oral zolpidem, whereas group 3 (n=22) received placebo, the first 8 days after injury respectively. The primary outcome measures included GCS (Glashow coma scale) through the initial admission, a complete medical history was recorded, and each patient had a meticulous physical and neurological investigation.<br> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>:</em></span> We found that the administration of amantadine in an acute phase after injury improved the rate of patients GCS and GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale) compared with zolpidem and placebo groups, but without any significant statistical difference.<br> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>:</em></span> Our results has emphasized that because amantadine has intense biochemical effects on several ways, it appears to be beneficial in acute period after DAI-associated TBI.</span></span> Amantadine, Zolpidem, Traumatic Brain Injury, Diffuse axonal injury 113 121 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-423-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 sajad shafiee sajad.shafiee@gmail.com 100319475328460033347 100319475328460033347 No Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, sari, Iran Saeed Ehteshami dr_saeed_ehteshami@yahoo.com 100319475328460033348 100319475328460033348 No Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, sari, Iran Mahmoodd Moosazadeh mmoosazadeh1351@gmail.com 100319475328460033349 100319475328460033349 No Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeed Aghapour paper87@yahoo.com 100319475328460033350 100319475328460033350 No Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Kaveh Haddadi kavehhaddadi56@gmail.com 100319475328460033351 100319475328460033351 Yes Department of Neurosurgery, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, sari, Iran