en Nephrology Nephrology Original Article Original Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> <span style="color:black">Beyond the adverse effects of hyperphosphatemia <span class="A10"><span style="color:black"><span style="color:black">in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD(, </span></span></span>hypophosphatemia has also been proposed as a common challenge after dialysis<span class="A10"><span style="color:black"><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span> <span class="A10"><span style="color:black"><span style="color:black">Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the serum phosphate level immediately after hemodialysis (HD) and its association with some clinical complications in CKD patients.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Methods:</span></i></b> <span style="color:black">The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 eligible CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Blood samples were taken, prior to the start and immediately after the end of hemodialysis to determine the serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, PTH, blood sugar and albumin. Moreover, the clinical complications of patients including muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, weakness and inability to speak are assessed by a questionnaire, before and after HD.</span><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></i></span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Results:</span></i></b> <span style="color:black">As we expected, the mean of serum creatinine, urea and phosphate levels significantly decreased after dialysis. Post-dialysis hypophosphatemia was graded as mild (3.5 > P &ge; 2.5 mg/dl), moderate (2.5 > P &ge; 1 mg/dl), and severe (<1 mg/dl) based on serum phosphate levels. The frequency of mild and moderate hypophosphatemia was 39.2% and 45.1 %, respectively. None of the participants had severe hypophosphatemia and 13.7% had normal phosphate levels. There was a significant correlation between post-dialysis hypophosphatemia and incidence of nausea and confusion after adjusting for confounding factors.</span><b><i><span style="color:blue"></span></i></b></span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> <span style="color:black">To our knowledge, this is the first time that the possible association of some of the post-dialysis clinical complications with hypophosphatemia was investigated. Future large-scale studies are required to confirm the association of post-dialysis hypophosphatemia with clinical complications.</span><b><i><span style="color:#0033cc"></span></i></b></span></span></span> Dialysis, Hypophosphatemia, Nausea, Chronic kidney disease 527 532 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2233-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammadreza Ardalan ardalan34@yahoo.com 100319475328460037547 100319475328460037547 No Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ali Safaei dr.alisafaei71@gmail.com 100319475328460037548 100319475328460037548 No Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Audrey Tolouian actolouian@utep.edu 100319475328460037549 100319475328460037549 No The University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing, El Paso Texas, USA Ramin Tolouian tolouian@email.arizona.edu 100319475328460037550 100319475328460037550 No Division of Nephrology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA Vahideh Ebrahimzadeh-Attari ebrahimzadeh.va@gmail.com 100319475328460037551 100319475328460037551 Yes Department of Nutrition and Food sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Mahsa Jalili jalili.mah@gmail.com 100319475328460037552 100319475328460037552 No Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway