en Endocrinology Endocrinology Review Article Review Article <span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background:</span></i></b> A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet have considerably increased the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide in recent decades, which has generated a high rate of associated chronic complications. </span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Methods</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> A narrative review was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASES and SciELO databases, including 162 articles.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Results</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common of these complications, mainly producing two types of involvement: sensorimotor neuropathy, whose most common form is symmetric distal polyneuropathy, and autonomic neuropathies, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital system. Although hyperglycemia is the main metabolic alteration involved in its genesis, the presents of obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and smoking, play an additional role in its appearance. In the pathophysiology, three main phenomena stand out: oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycosylation end-products, and microvasculature damage. Diagnosis is clinical, and it is recommended to use a 10 g monofilament and a 128 Hz tuning fork as screening tools. Glycemic control and non-pharmacological interventions constitute the mainstay of DN treatment, although there are currently investigations in antioxidant therapies, in addition to pain management.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusions:</span></i></b> Diabetes mellitus causes damage to peripheral nerves, being the most common form of this, distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Control of glycemia and comorbidities contribute to prevent, postpone, and reduce its severity. Pharmacological interventions are intended to relieve pain.<b><i><span style="color:#0033cc"></span></i></b></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; diabetic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, complication, treatment, glycemic control, Hb A1c 153 169 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2794-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Juan Quiroz-Aldave jquirozaldave@hotmail.com 100319475328460041779 100319475328460041779 No Division of Medicine, Hospital de Apoyo Chepén, Chepén, Peru María Durand-Vásquez mdurandvasquez@hotmail.com 100319475328460041780 100319475328460041780 No Division of Family Medicine, Hospital de Apoyo Chepén, Chepén, Peru Elman Gamarra-Osorio elman.gamarra.osorio@gmail.com 100319475328460041781 100319475328460041781 No Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo, Peru Jacsel Suárez-Rojas jsuarezro@cientifica.edu.pe 100319475328460041782 100319475328460041782 No Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru Pela Jantine Roseboom pjap.rose@gmail.com 100319475328460041783 100319475328460041783 No Division of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru Rosa Alcalá-Mendoza rosa.alcala.m1@gmail.com 100319475328460041784 100319475328460041784 No Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital Víctor Lazarte Echegaray, Trujillo, Peru Julia Coronado-Arroyo juliacristinacoronado@gmail.com 100319475328460041785 100319475328460041785 No Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru Francisca Zavaleta-Gutiérrez paquitamed@hotmail.com 100319475328460041786 100319475328460041786 No Division of Neonatology, Hospital Belén de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru Luis Concepción-Urteaga luisconcepcionurteaga@hotmail.com 100319475328460041787 100319475328460041787 No School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru Marcio Concepción-Zavaleta marcio_conc_zav@outlook.es 100319475328460041788 100319475328460041788 Yes Division of Endocrinology, Hospital Jorge Voto Bernales, Lima, Peru