en Pulmonology Pulmonology Review Article Review Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background:</span></i></b> <span style="color:black">Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM), a rare autosomal recessive pulmonary disease, is mainly characterized by extensive calcium phosphate microliths deposition in the alveoli. The major mutation, causing the characteristic of this disease, occurs in solute carrier family 34 members 2 (SLC34A2), which is placed on chromosome 4p15.2. SLC34A2 encodes sodium-phosphate cotransporter type IIb, NPT2b, which plays a critical role in the transportation of phosphate ions from pulmonary alveoli into type II pneumocytes. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Case Presentation:</span></i></b> <span style="color:black">Herein, we have reported a 50-year-old male presented with recent sore throat, fever, and sweating. Radiological findings revealed bilateral micronodular pattern with diffuse ground glass attenuation in lower regions. Subsequent histologic examination of lung biopsy confirmed intra-alveolar accumulation of calculi and the diagnosis of PAM. In addition, we reviewed the literature narratively to clarify different aspects of PAM.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span><br> <span style="background:white"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusion:</span></i></b><b> </b><span style="color:black">In this paper, we presented a sporadic case of PAM which was suspected with chest x-ray and confirmed by HRCT and trans-bronchial lung biopsy. We hope that it can help clinicians to be more aware of this condition and make proper diagnosis.</span><span lang="AR-SA" dir="RTL" style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis, SLC34A2, and diagnostic radiology 570 576 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3130-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reza Mohseni Ahangar mohseni.ahangar@gmail.com 100319475328460053420 100319475328460053420 No Department of Internal medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mohammad Golparvar azizi golparvarazizi@gmail.com 100319475328460053421 0009-0005-2989-3716 No Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Sara Babazadeh babazadeh.sara@gmail.com 100319475328460053422 100319475328460053422 No Department of Pathology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Seyed Ali akbar Hosseini nasab 100319475328460053423 100319475328460053423 No Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ali Tavakoli Pirzaman alitavakolipirzaman@gmail.com 100319475328460053424 100319475328460053424 Yes Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran