en Endocrinology Endocrinology Original Article Original Article <p><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"><strong><em><span style="color:blue">Background</span></em></strong><em><span style="color:blue">:</span></em> Thyroid nodule (TN) is defined as the abnormal growth of thyroid cells, with an increasing trend worldwide. In this case-control study, we intended to evaluate demographic and environmental factors involved in TNs to determine the values predicting the risk of TN incidence.<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Methods:</span></em></strong> 103 patients with confirmed TN through ultrasound imaging were assigned to the nodular group, and 101 patients with negative results of TN were considered control counterparts. Data collection was performed using a checklist from February 2021 to August 2022. Uni- and multivariable logistic analyses were applied to ascertain prognostic risk factors.<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Results:</span></em></strong> The results showed that the prevalence of TNs was significantly higher in females (90.3%, p<0.001). We also found that a history of exposure to ionizing radiation with a diagnostic dose (83.5%, p<0.001), hypothyroidism (37.9%, P=0.005), hyperthyroidism (7.8%, P= 0.005), family history of thyroid disease (58.3%, p<0.001), unusual stress (68.9 %, p<0.001), and taking medications inferring thyroid function (10.7%, P=0.01) in the nodular group, which were consistent with the results of logistic regression analysis can be considered the potential prognostic values to predict the risk of incident TN.<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span></em></strong><em><span style="color:blue">:</span></em> The role of unusual stress on TN development is highlighted in this study. diagnosis and proper management of determinants such as unusual stress involved Early in TN pathogenesis through lifestyle modification, community awareness, and screening of the family with TN history would be more appreciable in order to decline TN incidence and prevalence, particularly in the predisposed population. </span></span><br> &nbsp;</p> Thyroid Nodules, Predictive Risk Factors, Prognostic Value, Unusual Stress 268 274 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3252-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ebrahim Mohammadi dremohammadi90@gmail.com 100319475328460052230 0009-0006-1368-4212 Yes Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran Neda Valizadeh nvalizadeh2008@gmail.com 100319475328460052231 100319475328460052231 No Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran Reza Hatami Novi rhatamin22@gmail.com 100319475328460052232 100319475328460052232 No Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran