en Nephrology Nephrology Original Article Original Article <p><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"><strong><em><span style="color:blue">Background</span></em></strong><em><span style="color:blue">:</span></em> Olfactory changes connection to deteriorated quality of life in chronic kidney disease cases (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The nutritional status is altered in CKD and DM and it closely interconnected with olfactory function. We aimed to study the olfactory dysfunction in these populations.<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Methods:</span></em></strong> We conducted a cross-sectional research on CKD and DM cases aged 20-50 (27 healthy controls, 77 CKD patients, and 36 DM patients). We used the Iran Smell Identification Test (Iran-SIT) version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to evaluate the olfactory function. The significant level was set as <0.05.<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Results:</span></em></strong> Our 140 cases included 51.4% of men (mean age of 46.7&plusmn;10.6 years). The total score of the Iran-SIT test indicated that olfactory impairment in the CKD was higher (16.2&plusmn;4.2) than in the DM (18.8&plusmn;2.1) and control groups (20.4&plusmn;1.2) (P=0.001). It was determined that 54.5% of CKD patients and 38.9% of the DM group had olfactory dysfunction compared to 7.4% of the controls (P=0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that being men and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were related to olfactory dysfunction in the total population (OR: 4.55, P=0.037, and OR: 0.94, P=0.037). Still, it was only associated with LDL-C in the CKD group (OR: 0.93, P=0.013).<br> <strong><em><span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span></em></strong><em><span style="color:blue">:</span></em> Based on the findings of this study, CKD and DM patients had a higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunction than the controls, which could be associated with some preventive nutritional factors. This information may help perform a screening program and early intervention on olfactory dysfunction in these systematic diseases. </span></span></p> Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes mellitus, Hyposmia, Olfaction disorders, Uremia 289 296 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2959-4&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Kamyar Iravani iravanika@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460052255 100319475328460052255 No Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Aida Doostkam doostkam@sums.ac.ir 100319475328460052256 100319475328460052256 No Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Jamshid Roozbeh roozbehj@hotmail.com 100319475328460052257 100319475328460052257 No Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Leila Malekmakan malekmakan_l@yahoo.com 100319475328460052258 100319475328460052258 Yes Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Seyed Reza Kasaee drkasaee@gmail.com 100319475328460052259 100319475328460052259 No Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Amir Soltaniesmaeili asoltani1992@gmail.com 100319475328460052260 100319475328460052260 No Department of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran