en Hematology Hematology Original Article Original Article <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Background</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> Hypothyroidism and leptin deficiency are two common endocrinopathies in &beta;-thalassemia major patients (&beta;-TM). Changes in leptin levels may lead to changes in thyroid hormone levels in thalassemia patients through <span lang="X-NONE">suppress</span>ion of<span lang="X-NONE"> the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis</span>. Hence, we aimed to evaluate their correlation in &beta;-TM patients. </span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Methods</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> <span lang="X-NONE">A cross-sectional study was conducted o</span>n transfusion dependent &beta;-thalassemia patients receiving chelation treatment between 2018 and 2019. Tri-iodothyronine (<span lang="X-NONE">T3</span>)<span lang="X-NONE">, </span>thyroxine (<span lang="X-NONE">T4</span>)<span lang="X-NONE">, </span>thyroid stimulating hormone (<span lang="X-NONE">TSH</span>)<span lang="X-NONE">, and leptin</span> were measured for each participant. <span lang="X-NONE">Data analyzed by SPSS,</span> <span lang="X-NONE">p<</span>&thinsp;<span lang="X-NONE">0.05 was considered as significant</span>.</span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Results</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> One hundred and twenty-six &beta;-TM patients aged between 10 and 30 years old participated in the study, including 55 (43.7%) females and 71(56.3%) males. <span lang="X-NONE">TSH abnormality was prevalent among </span>13 (<span lang="X-NONE">23.6%</span>)<span lang="X-NONE"> females and </span>10(<span lang="X-NONE">14.1%</span>) <span lang="X-NONE">males.<b> </b></span>Leptin level was significantly lower in males (6.65&plusmn;7.27 VS 2.41&plusmn;2.79, p<0.01). TSH was correlated with leptin in all (r=0.393, p<0.01), females (r=0.387, p<0.01), males (r=0.387, p<0.01), adolescents (r=0.512, p<0.01), young adults (r=0.287, P=0.01), underweights (r=0.483, p<0.01) and normal weight (r=0.301, P=0.03) thalassemia patients. T4 was correlated with leptin in all (r=0.201, p=0.02), females (r=0.281, P=0.03), males (r=0.281, P=0.03), and adolescents (r=0.280, P=0.03) &beta;-TM patients. T3 did not correlate with leptin in all groups of the patients. </span><br> <span style="line-height:14pt"><b><i><span style="color:blue">Conclusion</span></i></b><i><span style="color:blue">:</span></i> <span lang="X-NONE">In summary, leptin levels were significantly lower in males</span>, and <span lang="X-NONE">TSH abnormality was </span>common<span lang="X-NONE"> in </span>both genders<span lang="X-NONE">.</span> <span lang="X-NONE">Therefore, screening for endocrine issues may benefit these people. Furthermore, </span>leptin exhibited a correlation with TSH and T4<span lang="X-NONE">. </span><span lang="X-NONE">This may support the role of leptin </span>on<span lang="X-NONE"> thyroid function in &beta;-</span>TM<span lang="X-NONE"> patients</span><span lang="X-NONE">.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Leptin, Thyroxine , Triiodothyronine, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Hypothyroidism, Hemoglobinopathy, Transfusion-dependent thalassemia, β -Thalassemia, 536 541 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3107-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Noor Mohammad Noori dr_noori_cardio@yahoo.com 100319475328460053358 100319475328460053358 No Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Disease, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran1 Alireza Teimouri alirezateimouri260@gmail.com 100319475328460053359 100319475328460053359 No Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science in Infectious Disease, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran1 Ayoub Basham ayoubbasham.research@gmail.com 100319475328460053360 100319475328460053360 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran2 Shahrokh Rajaei shahrokh.rajaei@gmail.com 100319475328460053361 100319475328460053361 Yes Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran3