en Nephrology Nephrology Review Article Review Article <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><font face="Times New Roman"><b><i><span style="color: blue font-size: 10pt"> </span></i></b><span style="font-size: 10pt">Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic renal disorders and end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. It is the major cause of dialysis and transplantation. Failure in renal function causes wide disorders in the body. Diabetes results in wide range of alterations in the renal tissue. <span style="color: black"><font size="2">It is believed that early histological changes in diabetic nephropathy are detectable 2 years after diabetes is diagnosed. </font></span>The glumerular alterations are the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri">most important lesions</span><span style="font-size: 10pt"> in the diabetic nephropathy (DN).</span><font size="2"><span style="color: black"> The Renal</span></font><span style="color: black font-size: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0"> Pathology Society provides a new pathological classification for the detection of histopathology of DN. It</span><span style="font-size: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri"> divides diabetic nephropathy into four hierarchical glomerular lesions</span><span style="font-size: 10pt">.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt mso-fareast-font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0">Alloxan or streptozotocin induced diabetic rat is the one most widely used specie to study DN. Histological changes in the rat DN closely resemble the human disease and the most information of this review was obtained through the study of rat DN.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="2"> </font></span>All cell types of the kidney such as mesangial cells, podocytes and tubulointerstitial cells are liable to be affected in the event of DN. Severity of renal lesions is associated to the clinical aspect of renal outcome, but the aim of this article was only to review the histological changes of kidney in diabetes mellitus.</span></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font> Diabetic mellitus, nephropathy, histological changes 120 127 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-348-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohsen pourghasem mpourghasem@hotmail.com 10031947532846003515 10031947532846003515 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hamid Shafi Hshafi@yahoo.com 10031947532846003516 10031947532846003516 Yes Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Zahra Babazadeh Zbabazadeh@gmail.com 10031947532846003517 10031947532846003517 No Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran