en Neurology Neurology Original Article Original Article <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Background: </em></strong></span>Migraine is a common type of headache. Sometimes adequate pain relief is not achieved by conventional treatments. Acupuncture and botulinum toxin-A injection are known as non-pharmacological interventions for this purpose. The aim of this research was to compare the effect of acupuncture with botulinum toxin-A injection and pharmacological treatment in controlling chronic migraine.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong></span> This clinical trial was conducted on patients with chronic migraine in the North of Iran during 2014-2015. Eligible patients were randomly allocated to groups receiving acupuncture (A) or botulinum toxin A (B) and controls (C) by designed quadripartite blocks. All patients were evaluated at baseline, one, two and three months after treatment using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and other parameters. The analysis of data was performed in SPSS software Version 19.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> </span>One hundred fifty patients (48 males and 102 females) completed this study. During the 3- month study, the pain severity significantly diminished in three groups (P=0.0001), with greater reduction in group A (P=0.0001). The number of days per month with migraine, absence from work and the need for medication significantly decreased in three groups at 3 times of evaluation (p<0.05) with fewer side effects in group A (P=0.021).</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="color:#0000FF;"><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong></span>Acupuncture, botulinum toxin-A injection and pharmacological treatment have beneficial effects on chronic migraine; however, acupuncture showed more effectiveness and fewer complications</span></span></p> Migraine, Chronic, Acupuncture, Botulinum Toxin-A, Pain Management 196 204 http://caspjim.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-602-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Bahram Naderinabi 10031947532846009110 10031947532846009110 No Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Alia Saberi 10031947532846009111 10031947532846009111 No Neurosciences Research Center, Neurology Department, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Masood Hashemi 10031947532846009112 10031947532846009112 No Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Haghighi 10031947532846009113 10031947532846009113 No Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Gelareh Biazar 10031947532846009114 10031947532846009114 No Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Farid Abolhasan-Gharehdaghi 10031947532846009115 10031947532846009115 No Pain Department and Research Center, Mahak Pediatric Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Abbas Sedighinejad asnejad2015@gmail.com 10031947532846009116 10031947532846009116 Yes Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran Tahereh Chavoshi 10031947532846009117 10031947532846009117 No Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran