Showing 71 results for Type of Study: Review Article
Reza Karbasi-Afshar, Jafar Aslani, Mostafa Ghanei ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health dilemma and cause of morbidity and mortality in either industrialized or developing countries and inhaled corticosteroids are widely used worldwide in these patients. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the effectiveness of these gents compared to placebo.
Methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar literature search has been done to find randomized placebo-controlled trials investigating effectiveness of inhaled steroids in COPD patients. Finally, the data from 18 trials had been retrieved and included into a database, and analyzed using Stata ® v.9.0.
Results: Data of 12, 297 COPD subjects were analyzed. Analysis of survival of patients in the two groups showed no significant difference between those taking inhaled corticosteroids or placebo (relative risk (RR): 1.071, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.938-1.224, P=0.309). Patients taking inhaled steroids were significantly less likely to develop an exacerbation episode (RR: 0.697, 95%CI: 0.596-0.816, p<0.001) or to have less withdrawal rate than placebo (RR: 0.882, 95%CI: 0.811-0.960 P=0.004).
Conclusion: Because steroid inhalers represent no survival effects in COPD patients, and due to their life threatening side effects (pneumonia, candidemia, etc.), we propose to replace steroid inhalers to cheaper agents which provide patients with comparable advantages (e.g. few exacerbations) and fewer side effects. Pulmonary rehabilitations as well as anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended to be more attended in COPD patients.
Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex
clustering cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension,
diabetes and dyslipidemia. It has been a growing health problem in Iranian
adults in recent decade. The objective of this article was to review the
prevalence of MetS and the corresponding risk factors among Iranian adults.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review to
extract the published articles regarding metabolic syndrome and its risk
factors among Iranian adults aged >19 years by searching in PubMed, Google
Scholar, SID, Magiran and Iranmedex databases. The forty-three published
articles were selected regarding MetS among Iranian adults in this review
during 2005-2014.
Results: From the 43 studies, the rate of MetS
varied from 10% to 60% depending on sex, age and region. The highest rate
reported among postmenopausal women in Shiraz was over 60%. There was almost a
consistent finding that the rate of MetS was higher among women compared with
men across national level except in one study. A very sharp difference (43.3%
vs. 17.1%) was observed in western Iran (Kordestan province) between sexes.
MetS was significantly more prevalent among older adults, postmenopausal women,
less-educated people, those living in urban areas and those with low physical
activity and unhealthy eating habits across national level consistently.
Conclusion: An emerging high rate of MetS across
national level highlights the lifestyle modification as preventive measures in
Iranian population by focusing primarily on high risk profiles such as low
socioeconomic background, low level of education, older age and postmenopausal
women.
Mohsen Pourghasem, Hamid Shafi, Zahra Babazadeh,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (7-2015)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic
renal disorders and end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. It is the
major cause of dialysis and transplantation. Failure in renal function causes
wide disorders in the body. Diabetes results in wide range of alterations in
the renal tissue. It is believed that early
histological changes in diabetic nephropathy are detectable 2 years after
diabetes is diagnosed. The glumerular alterations are the most important lesions in the diabetic nephropathy (DN). The Renal Pathology Society provides
a new pathological classification for the detection of histopathology of DN. It divides diabetic
nephropathy into four hierarchical glomerular lesions. Alloxan
or streptozotocin induced diabetic rat is the one most widely used specie to
study DN. Histological changes in the rat DN closely resemble the human disease
and the most information of this review was obtained through the study of rat
DN. All cell types of the kidney such as
mesangial cells, podocytes and tubulointerstitial cells are liable to be
affected in the event of DN. Severity of renal lesions is associated to the
clinical aspect of renal outcome, but the aim of this article was only to
review the histological changes of kidney in diabetes mellitus.
Elaheh Ahmadi, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: Probiotic therapies with different strains demonstrated some beneficial effects, although some studies did not show any significant effects. This study assessed systematically the current knowledge on the effect of probiotic bacteria on duration of in acute rotavirus diarrhea in children compared with control.
Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (CCTR) and Ovid (Wolters Kluwer Health) were searched between 1980 to June 15, 2013. Randomized controlled trials including the administration of probiotics for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in infants and children were reviewed.
Results: A total number of 1244 articles were found through the aforementioned search. 203 articles were selected after the first screening of title and abstract. The intervention group included subjects who received probiotic strains and dosage in any conditions. Placebo or any similar vehicle without probiotic was used in the controlled trials. Finally, 14 articles were selected. The outcomes from each study were considered in the duration of diarrhea. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software. The pooled estimate of efficacy of probiotics in prevention or treatment of disease yielded in all studies a mean difference of 0.41 (CI 95%: -0.56 to –0.25 p<0.001). The pooled estimate of efficacy of lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and other probiotics significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea. Among trials, the overall reduction of LGG was 0.47 (CI 95%: -0.80 to -0.14 P= 0.020).
Conclusion: In conclusion, probiotics exert positive effect in reducing the duration of acute rotavirus diarrhea compared with control.
Hamid Shafi, Bobak Moazzami, Mohsen Pourghasem,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Urolithiasis has become a worldwide problem with the prevalence of the disease increasing over the past few decades. While various treatment modalities have evolved over the years, discrepancies exist regarding the clinical indications and the efficacy of each of these treatment options. In the present review, we aim to review the current treatment modalities for urinary tract stones to provide a better understanding on the therapeutic approaches as well as their clinical indications.
Reza Karbasi-Afshar, Jafar Aslani, Mostafa Ghanei,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide, so finding proper therapeutic strategies for this disease is of high importance. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of conventional long acting beta agonists (LABAs) in COPD patients.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Google scholar to identify relevant articles. We limited data to double-blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data of 14, 832 COPD subjects including 7540 patients under a β2 agonist (cases) and 7292 taking placebo (controls) retrieved from 20 randomized controlled trials and were enrolled into this meta-analysis. Evaluated outcomes included overall mortality, exacerbations and tolerance to the drug.
Results: The analysis of survival showed no significant difference between those taking LABAs or placebo (relative risk (RR): 0.945, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.821-1.088, P=0.432). Exacerbation rate, however, was significantly lower among the cases than among the controls (RR: 0.859, 95%CI: 0.800-0.922, p<0.001). Similar observation was detected in analyzing the rate of drug withdrawal in patients of the two groups with patients under placebo having significantly higher rate of drug discontinuation due to adverse events or disease symptoms (RR:0.821, 95% CI: 0.774-0.871; p<0.007).
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that the use of conventional LABA therapy in COPD patients is associated with a lower exacerbation rate of the disease as well as higher tolerance to the drug, but no survival advantage is expectable. Substitution of LABAs with new agents is recommended.
Behzad Heidari, Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki, Mansour Babaei,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background: Several factors are associated with the development or exacerbation of pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this study, we reviewed this context based on relevant studies.
Methods: Recent published studies which have addressed the relationship between pain and KOA were summarized.
Results: Correlates of the clinical, demographic features, laboratory tests and abnormalities on radiographic as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the knee pain have been discussed. The results indicated that many factors such as synovitis, synovial effusion, obesity, as well as structural lesions determined by MRI or radiographic examination, serum cytokines, inflammatory markers are determinants of pain in KOA.
Conclusion: This context requires further investigations for identification of additional factors which initiate pain in asymptomatic KOA
Seyedmohammad Alavi, Leila Alavi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background: Human toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic infection worldwide which is caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii). The aim of this study was to review briefly the general aspects of toxoplasma infection in in Iranian health system network.
Methods: We searched published toxoplasmosis related articles in English databases including Science Direct, Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iran Medex, Iran Doc and Scientific Information Database (SID) for toxoplasmosis.
Results: Out of 1267 articles from the English and Persian databases search, 40 articles were suitable with our research objectives and so were selected for the study. It is estimated that at least a third of the world human population is infected with T.gondii, suggesting it as one of the most common parasitic infections through the world. Maternal infection during pregnancy may affect dangerous outcome for the fetus, or even cause intrauterine death. Reactivation of a previous infection in immunocompromised patient such as drug induced, AIDS and organ transplantation can cause life-threating central nervous system infection. Ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most important causes of blindness, especially in individuals with a deficient immune system.
Conclusion: According to the increasing burden of toxoplasmosis on human health, the findings of this study highlight the appropriate preventive measures, diagnosis, and management of this disease.
Seyyedabbas Hashemi, Seyyedmoayed Alavian, Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background: Transient elastography (TE) is a new modality for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis caused by various etiologies. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of TE in detecting the different stages of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, American College of Physicians (ACP) Journal Club, Google Scholar, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Web of Science that evaluated the liver stiffness by means of TE and liver biopsy were enrolled in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Published articles were extracted from 2002 to March 2015.
Results: A total of 7 articles from 114 papers were included which consisted of 698 patients. The results indicated that when F ≥3, the outcomes were 93.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 92-95.5), 91.1% (95% CI: 89-93.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 79.9-84.9), and 95.9% (95% CI: 94.4-97.4) for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), respectively. With fibrosis stage ≥4, it has reached the sensitivity of 96.2 % (95% CI: 94.5-97.8), a specificity of 92.2% (95% CI: 89.9-94.6), a PPV of 5.5% (95% CI: 51.2-59.8) and NPV of 98.5% (95% CI: 97.4-99.5).
Conclusion: We concluded that as the pathological fibrosis increases, the sensitivity, specificity and NPV of TE in the diagnosis of fibrosis improves in NAFLD patients. TE can be considered as a unique alternative instead of liver biopsy in NAFLD patients and it has an important role in the exclusion of liver cirrhosis. More studies are required to confirm the results.
Milad Azami, Ali Sharifi, Siros Norozi, Akram Mansouri, Kourosh Sayemiri,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Iranian patients with thalassemia major.
Methods: The current study has been conducted based on PRISMA guideline. To obtain the documents, Persian and English scientific databases such as Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, IranDoc, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Web of Science, Springer, Wiley Online Library as well as Google Scholar were searched until December 2015. All steps of the study were conducted by two authors independently. To the high heterogeneity of the studies, the random effect model was used to combine studies. Data were analyzed using STATA Version 11.1 software.
Results: Thirty-two studies involving 3959 major thalassemia patients with mean age of 16.83 years were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of diabetes in Iranian patients with thalassemia major was estimated as 9% (95% CI: 6.8-10.5) and estimated rate was 12.6% (95% CI: 6.1-19.1) for males and 10.8% (95% CI: 8.2-14.5) for females. The prevalence of IFG and IGT were 12.9% (95% CI: 7-18.8) and 9.6% (95% CI: 6.6-12.5) respectively. No relationship between serum ferritin and development of diabetes was noted.
Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes, IFG, and IGT in patients with thalassemia major in Iran is high and accordingly requires new management strategies and policies to minimize endocrine disorders in Iranian patients with thalassemia major. Screening of patients for the early diagnosis of endocrine disorders particularly diabetes, IFG, and IGT is recommended.
Versa Omrani-Nava, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Yousef Yahyapour, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Saeid Abediankenari, Ghasem Janbabaei, Fatima Toghani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (2-2017)
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are the most common cancers and account for nearly half of all cancer-related deaths in Iran. There was a strong association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and urogenital cancers, in particular the cervix. However, there is no clear causal relationship in all types of cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, the present study as a systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the prevalence and relation of HPV in GI cancers.
Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus in GI cancers in Iran. Data were collected by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, SID and Iranmedex by English and Persian key words up to August 2016. Key words included: Human Papillomavirus, HPV, Cancer, Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Esophageal, colorectal, Gastrointestinal and Iran articles were entered in the EndNote software and duplicate papers were excluded. Data were extracted and analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software, Version 2 (CMA.V2) and random effects model.
Results: Finally, we included 17 studies in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of HPV in Iranian patients with GI cancers was 16.4% (CI95%: 10.4-24.9). Considering all HPV types, the odds ratio of GI cancers in positive patients was 3.03 (CI95%: 1.42-6.45) while in patients with HPV-16 was 3.62 (CI: 1.43-4.82).
Conclusion: The results show a strong relationship between HPV infection especially high-risk HPV type 16 and GI cancers in Iranian population.
Mehrdad Rafati-Rahimzadeh, Mehravar Rafati-Rahimzadeh, Sohrab Kazemi, Aliakbar Moghadamnia,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Cadmium poisoning has been reported from many parts of the world. It is one of the global health problems that affect many organs and in some cases it can cause deaths annually. Long-term exposure to cadmium through air, water, soil, and food leads to cancer and organ system toxicity such as skeletal, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous, and respiratory systems. Cadmium levels can be measured in the blood, urine, hair, nail and saliva samples. Patients with cadmium toxicity need gastrointestinal tract irrigation, supportive care, and chemical decontamination traditional-based chelation therapy with appropriate new chelating agents and nanoparticle-based antidotes. Furthermore it has been likewise recommended to determine the level of food contamination and suspicious areas, consider public education and awareness programs for the exposed people to prevent cadmium poisoning.
Mohammad Zamani, Amin Vahedi, Zahra Maghdouri, Javad Shokri-Shirvani,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that has infected more than half of the world's population. This pathogen colonizes the human gastric mucosa and is usually acquired during childhood. It is an important cause of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Among the risk factors for acquisition of H. pylori infection, poor socioeconomic status, poor sanitization and hygiene practices, and contaminated food and water, are the most significant ones. The main route of H. pylori transmission is still unknown. Studies show that H.pylori bacteria can spread directly from one person to the other, or indirectly from an infected person to the environment. Person to person transmission is divided into fecal-oral, gastric-oral, oral-oral, sexual routes. Presently, interpersonal pathways are more acceptable than environmental exposure routes. Literatures indicate the presence and survival of H. pylori in food samples, such as milk, vegetables and meat, and suggest these foods may play an important role in the environmental transmission of this pathogen. In addition, other studies report the presence of H. pylori in the gastric tissue of some animals (e.g. sheep and cow) and therefore, it is likely they participate in the food chain transmission as reservoirs besides human. Although there are findings which indicate the probable role of food products in the environmental transmission of H. pylori, there is still not enough direct evidence to confirm this and more studies are needed. However, attention to food contamination sources (unhygienic water) and controlling them may prevent transmission of pathogens associated with health.
Jila Masrour-Roudsari, Soheil Ebrahimpour,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Cancer is a complex group of diseases with multiple eventual causes. The underlying causes are not fully known. Thus, learning more about the known causes of cancer is an important issue. Moreover, among these factors, infection and its association to cancers is controversial. Although, it seems that the genome instability of the cells can initiate cancer development. The purpose of this review was to present the role of infection in the development of cancer. Infectious agents, such as hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) contribute to the pathogenesis of different cancers. These cancers include hepatocellular carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical cancers, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. Screenings of infectious diseases in cancer patients may open up areas of research in the identification of optimizing cancer control strategies.
Gholamreza Badfar, Akram Mansouri, Masoumeh Shohani, Hamid Karimi, Zahra Khalighi, Shoboo Rahmati, Ali Delpisheh, Yousef Veisani, Ali Soleymani, Milad Azami,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: Hearing disorders are reported in thalassemia patients treated with deferoxamine. This study aimed to assess hearing loss in Iranian thalassemia major patients treated with deferoxamine.
Methods: This review article was designed based on PRISMA guidelines. To review the literature, two researchers studied national and international databases including Iranmedex, Magiran, Medlib, SID, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar without time limit until May 2017. Cochran's Q test and I2 index were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2 and p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 17 articles involving 1,835 Iranian thalassemia major patients treated with deferoxamine were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was estimated 27.3% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 19-37.6). The prevalence of sensorineural, conductive and mixed hearing loss was estimated 10.6% (95% CI: 5.7-18.8), 14.6% (95% CI: 10.5-20.6) and 9.1% (95% CI: 5.6-14.6), respectively. No significant differences were noted regarding the relationship hearing loss and mean serum ferritin (P=0.29) and average daily deferoxamine (P=0.30). Meta-regression model showed an increased significance in the prevalence of hearing loss based on the year of studies (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of hearing loss in Iranian thalassemia major patients treated with deferoxamine. Therefore, periodic hearing assessments and regular check-ups after the initiation of chelation therapy are necessary.
Ehsan Saburi, Amin Saburi, Mostafa Ghanei,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been used for years in many types of cancer therapy. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has focused on mechanisms which can enhance the development of cell-mediated immunity. Anticancer medications are administered to inhibit immunosuppressive factors such as nagalase enzyme, which is produced by neoplastic cells and destroys macrophage activating factor (Gc-MAF). Anti-neoplastics medications can also enhance immune-cell activity against tumors. Such medications show great potential in cancer immunotherapy using natural human mechanisms against neoplasms.
Zeinab Mahmoudpour, Hoda Shirafkan, Morteza Mojahedi, Narjes Gorji, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: Functional gastrointestinal diseases are common in general populations and comprise more than 40% visits to gastroenterologists. Treatment options of gastrointestinal diseases have been limited. There are a few medications for functional gastrointestinal diseases and some of medications are not available in the market or in the place where the patient lives. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) is a branch of alternative and traditional medicine based on individual viewpoint and humoral theory, focuses on lifestyle modification and uses natural products to manage the patients.
Methods: In this study, a set of compound drugs known as digesters (jawarishes) and other applications are described based on main TPM text books.
Results: Jawarishes have different formulations containing various medicinal herbs used for better food digestion and improved gastric functions and also used for other disorders including reinforcing the brain, heart, liver and some therapeutic approaches.
Conclusions: By reviewing medieval Persian pharmaceutical manuscripts, we can conclude that many herbs are effective in different systems of the body and improve gastric functions. Zingiber officinalis and Piper nigrum are mixed together to get various formulations. The variety of jawarishes formulations and their different clinical applications can indicate continuity of their use.
Majid Jangi, Cesar Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, Mahmoud Tara, Fateme Moghbeli, Fariba Ghaderi, Khodabakhsh Javanshir,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: The main goal of physical therapy is to help the patient gain a better health status. Several studies have investigated the use of reminders to prevent such failures on the patients’ side. This article presents a systematic review of the literature concerning reminders in physical therapy.
Methods: Databases were searched until May 2017 and literatures were found from April 1992 until 2017. The literature recruitment strategy was based on applying several keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) combination running against title and abstract, including concepts such as reminder, physical therapy. The finally selected articles were categorized through reminder aspects such as how, who feedback. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines.
Results: In 47% of studies, the reminder was sent to the patients, 29% to the physical therapists and 12% to the caretaker team. In 24% of the studies, paper-based letters were main medium for reminders while the rest were various types of media like emails and SMS mobile text messages. 35% of the articles showed positive effects of the reminders.
Conclusions: Many reminder methods consisted of SMS, phone calls, letters, emails and notices on the wall were used in physical therapy. Reminders may be used to improve patients' adherence to exercise programs.
Narges Kalantari, Salman Ghaffari, Masomeh Bayani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of diarrhea in children and immunosuppressive patients. The current study was intended to evaluate the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium infection and clarify the epidemiological characteristics of the infection in both children and immunosuppressive patients in Iran.
Methods: Five English electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane, and two Persian language databases Magiran and Scientific Information Database were searched. Additionally, reports from the Iranian congresses of parasitology and graduate student thesis dissertations were assessed manually.
Results: Out of 1856 studies from the literature search, our search resulted in a total of 27 articles published from 1991 to 2016. These include 14 reports on cryptosporidiosis in children and 13 papers regarding immunosuppressive patients. 8520 children and 2015 immunosuppressed cases were evaluated. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were found in 3.8% and 8% children cases and immunosuppressed patients, respectively. There was a relatively high variation in the prevalence estimates among different studies, and the Q statistics was high among articles regarding children (p<0.0001) and also between records regarding immunosuppressed patients (p<0.0001). Findings showed that the prevalence rates of Cryptosporidium infection are significantly higher in children under 5 years (P=0.00).
Conclusions: In summary, the present study provides a comprehensive view of the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in children and immunosuppressive patients in Iran. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary and multicenter study to evaluate the real prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and to determine its risk factors using an adequate sample size and standardized methods is highly recommended.
Zahra Geraili, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Soghra Khani, Masomeh Bayani, Ali Rostami, Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most common infectious diseases in pregnant women in terms of global impact and is related with many adverse health consequences during pregnancy. For the first time, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis study to evaluate the possible association between CMV infection and preeclampsia (PE).
Methods: A comprehensive literature search to identify the relevant papers published earlier than February 2018 was performed in PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), Google Scholar and SCOPUS databases. We followed the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines for design, analysis and interpretation of results. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q-test and I2 statistics.
Results: A total of 13 studies including 6158 pregnant women (2734 women with PE and 3424 healthy controls) met the eligibility criteria. The results of meta-analyses based on PCR (OR: 3.09; 95% CI:0.72–13.24; I2=57.3%), IgG-ELISA (OR: 1.24; 95% CI:0.83–1.85; I2=71%) and IgM-ELISA (OR: 1.04; 95% CI:0.66–1.65; I2=0.0%) demonstrated that CMV infection could not be a potential risk factor for PE.
Conclusions: In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated that CMV infection could not be a potential risk for developing PE. More epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to investigate the impact of CMV infection on the development of PE.
