Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Fri, Jan 30, 2026
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Volume 17, Issue 1 (Winter 2026)
Caspian J Intern Med 2026, 17(1): 181-190 |
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Rabipour M, Hamidia A, Ghadimi R, Hosseini S R, Bijani A, Sajadi Kaboudi P. Association of dietary phytochemical index with sleep quality in older adults of Amirkola city. Caspian J Intern Med 2026; 17 (1) :181-190
URL: http://caspjim.com/article-1-4904-en.html
URL: http://caspjim.com/article-1-4904-en.html
Masoomeh Rabipour 
, Angela Hamidia , Reza Ghadimi , Seyed Reza Hosseini , Ali Bijani , Parvin Sajadi Kaboudi *
, Angela Hamidia , Reza Ghadimi , Seyed Reza Hosseini , Ali Bijani , Parvin Sajadi Kaboudi *
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran , psajadi@yahoo.com
Abstract: (55 Views)
Background: Diet can play a significant role in sleep regulation, particularly in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and sleep quality among the elderly in Amirkola City.
Methods: This case-control study was part of the second phase of the Amirkola Cohort Study on aging. A total of 800 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years (400 with good sleep quality and 400 with poor sleep quality, matched for age and sex) were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria comprised having complete demographic data in the cohort profile, no known history of malignancy (including gastric and intestinal cancers), absence of psychiatric or cognitive disorders (such as psychiatric hospitalization), and no drug addiction. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), which were then analyzed statistically.
Results: Total energy intake and the number of chronic diseases significantly impacted sleep quality (OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003, P = 0.004 and OR=1.257, 95% CI:1.170-1.352, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Poorer sleep quality was significantly associated with a higher number of chronic diseases in both gender, male and female (OR=1.244, 95% CI: 1.097-1.411, P = 0.001 and OR=1.225, 95% CI: 1.106-1.357, P < 0.001). However, Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and Energy intake from plant sources did not show a significant effect on sleep quality.
Conclusion: Dietary modifications and management of chronic diseases could be effective in improving sleep quality among the elderly. However, further research is recommended.
Methods: This case-control study was part of the second phase of the Amirkola Cohort Study on aging. A total of 800 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years (400 with good sleep quality and 400 with poor sleep quality, matched for age and sex) were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria comprised having complete demographic data in the cohort profile, no known history of malignancy (including gastric and intestinal cancers), absence of psychiatric or cognitive disorders (such as psychiatric hospitalization), and no drug addiction. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), which were then analyzed statistically.
Results: Total energy intake and the number of chronic diseases significantly impacted sleep quality (OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003, P = 0.004 and OR=1.257, 95% CI:1.170-1.352, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, Poorer sleep quality was significantly associated with a higher number of chronic diseases in both gender, male and female (OR=1.244, 95% CI: 1.097-1.411, P = 0.001 and OR=1.225, 95% CI: 1.106-1.357, P < 0.001). However, Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and Energy intake from plant sources did not show a significant effect on sleep quality.
Conclusion: Dietary modifications and management of chronic diseases could be effective in improving sleep quality among the elderly. However, further research is recommended.
Policy Brief: Original Article |
Subject:
Nutrition
Received: 2025/09/3 | Accepted: 2025/10/27 | Published: 2026/01/21
Received: 2025/09/3 | Accepted: 2025/10/27 | Published: 2026/01/21
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