Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Wed, Sep 9, 2026
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Volume 17, Issue 3 (Summer 2026)
Caspian J Intern Med 2026, 17(3): 622-632 |
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Avramovska M, Nikleski Z, Avramovski P, Todorovska L, Talev S, Stefanovska S, et al . Pulse Wave Velocity as a Non-Invasive Discriminative Marker of Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women. Caspian J Intern Med 2026; 17 (3) :622-632
URL: http://caspjim.com/article-1-4968-en.html
URL: http://caspjim.com/article-1-4968-en.html
Maja Avramovska 
, Zorica Nikleski , Petar Avramovski * , Liljana Todorovska , Stefan Talev , Svetlana Stefanovska , Kosta Sotiroski , Dejan Zdraveski
, Zorica Nikleski , Petar Avramovski * , Liljana Todorovska , Stefan Talev , Svetlana Stefanovska , Kosta Sotiroski , Dejan Zdraveski
University “St Kliment Ohridski” Bitola, Clinical Hospital - Bitola, Department of Internal medicine, Bitola, North Macedonia & Clinical Hospital - Bitola, Department of Internal medicine , avramovski@gmail.comom
Abstract: (7 Views)
Background: Increased arterial stiffness has been linked to osteoporosis. This study evaluates Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) as a discriminator of osteopenia and osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in postmenopausal women.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, arterial stiffness and bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and femoral neck were assessed using carotid-to-femoral Pulse PWV and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Eighteen premenopausal women (mean age 41.30±4.30 years) and forty-eight postmenopausal women (mean age 59.40±9.10 years) participated in the study. Osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5) and osteopenia (-2.5< T-score ≤-1) were defined by T-score criteria.
Results: Pearson's correlation results showed: PWV and femoral neck BMD (r = -0.439, P = 0.002), PWV and spine BMD (r =-0.358, P = 0.012), and PWV and menopausal duration (r = 0.381, P = 0.008). PWV demonstrated significant discriminative ability for femoral neck osteopenia [b = 0.6472, Wald = 5.717, Odds ratio (OR) = 1.910, P = 0.017, Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.704], femoral neck osteoporosis (b = 0.7206, Wald = 5.838, OR = 2.056, P = 0.016, AUC = 0.758), spine osteopenia (b = 0.8489, Wald = 5.639, OR = 2.337, P = 0.018, AUC = 0.677), and spine osteoporosis (b = 1.0829, Wald = 8.269, OR = 2.953, P = 0.004, AUC = 0.804).
Conclusion: PWV was inversely correlated with femoral neck and spine BMD, and positively correlated with menopausal duration. It serves as a significant discriminator of bone health, indicating increased odds of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, arterial stiffness and bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and femoral neck were assessed using carotid-to-femoral Pulse PWV and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Eighteen premenopausal women (mean age 41.30±4.30 years) and forty-eight postmenopausal women (mean age 59.40±9.10 years) participated in the study. Osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5) and osteopenia (-2.5< T-score ≤-1) were defined by T-score criteria.
Results: Pearson's correlation results showed: PWV and femoral neck BMD (r = -0.439, P = 0.002), PWV and spine BMD (r =-0.358, P = 0.012), and PWV and menopausal duration (r = 0.381, P = 0.008). PWV demonstrated significant discriminative ability for femoral neck osteopenia [b = 0.6472, Wald = 5.717, Odds ratio (OR) = 1.910, P = 0.017, Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.704], femoral neck osteoporosis (b = 0.7206, Wald = 5.838, OR = 2.056, P = 0.016, AUC = 0.758), spine osteopenia (b = 0.8489, Wald = 5.639, OR = 2.337, P = 0.018, AUC = 0.677), and spine osteoporosis (b = 1.0829, Wald = 8.269, OR = 2.953, P = 0.004, AUC = 0.804).
Conclusion: PWV was inversely correlated with femoral neck and spine BMD, and positively correlated with menopausal duration. It serves as a significant discriminator of bone health, indicating increased odds of osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Keywords: Pulse Wave Velocity, Arterial Stiffness, Bone Mineral Density, Osteoporosis, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Menopause.
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Received: 2025/11/2 | Accepted: 2026/04/21 | Published: 2026/06/9
Received: 2025/11/2 | Accepted: 2026/04/21 | Published: 2026/06/9
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